Journal of Neuropsychiatry

Description

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a brain and spinal cord disorder that can be devastating (central nervous system).The protective sheath (myelin) that surrounds nerve fibres is attacked by the immune system in MS, causing communication issues between the brain and the rest of the body. The condition might eventually cause permanent nerve injury or degeneration. The amount of nerve damage and which nerves are damaged determine the signs and symptoms of MS. Some persons with severe MS lose their ability to walk independently or at all, while others go into remission for long periods of time without experiencing any new symptoms. Multiple sclerosis has no known cure. Treatments, on the other hand, can help patients recover faster from attacks, change the course of the disease, and manage symptoms. The indications and symptoms of multiple sclerosis vary widely from person to person and over the course of the disease, depending on the location of the disease. Nerve fibres that have been damaged Numbness or weakness in one or more limbs, which usually occurs on one side of your body at a time, or your legs and trunk, are common symptoms. Electric-shock sensations, especially when bending the neck forward (Lhermitte sign), tremor, lack of coordination, or unsteady gait. Partial or total loss of vision, usually in one eye at a time, often accompanied by pain during eye movement, are other common vision impairments. Long-term double vision, blurry vision, Slurred speech, fatigue, dizziness, tingling or discomfort in different parts of the body, Sexual, digestive, and bladder function issues are all symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis has no recognized etiology. It's classified as an autoimmune illness because the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. In MS, the immune system malfunctions, destroying the fatty substance that coats the brain. It also safeguards nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord (myelin). Myelin is similar to the insulation that protects electrical wires. The messages that go along that nerve fibre may be slowed or inhibited if the protecting myelin is broken and the nerve fiber is exposed. These variables could raise your chances of getting multiple sclerosis: MS can strike at any age; however it commonly strikes between the ages of 20 and 40. Younger and older persons, however, may be affected. Relapsing-remitting MS affects more than two to three times as many women as it does males. If one of your parents or siblings has been diagnosed with MS, you are at a higher risk of developing the condition. Viruses - MS has been associated to a number of viruses, including Epstein-Barr, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. White persons, especially those of Northern European ancestry, are at the greatest risk of acquiring MS. Asian, African, and Native American people are at the lowest risk. Climate-MS is significantly more common in temperate areas, such as Canada, the northern United States, New Zealand, Australia's South-East, and Europe. Vitamin D deficiency, as well as a lack of sun exposure, are linked to an increased risk of MS. Certain autoimmune diseases-If you have thyroid illness, pernicious anaemia, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, or inflammatory bowel disease, you're at a slightly greater chance of having MS. Smokers are more likely than non-smokers to acquire a second event that confirms relapsing-remitting MS after experiencing a first event of symptoms that may signify MS.